Introduction

The scientific community is highly centralized and is often under the authority of governmental entities. Because they are dependent on funding and authorization from various agencies, scientists have their hands constrained in terms of what kinds of questions they may investigate. Governments often favor some sectors, such as medical and information technologies, while others, such as climate change research and a state's carbon footprint, get little to no funding.

• Fund distribution is governed by small, secretive, centralized bodies.

• Funding agencies and home institutions restrict your ability to collaborate.

• Decisions about funding are made slowly and with insufficient openness. There are few financing mechanisms.

• The process of sharing laboratory assets is typically cumbersome and unclear.

• Scientists publish via established channels that are well recognized as ineffective, prejudiced, and exploitative.

• Scientist’s unpaid peer-review labor benefits for-profit publishers.

• Scientist’s home institution owns the intellectual property (IP) he or she create. The IP is not transparently accessible.

• Publication bias indicates that researchers are more inclined to disclose successful trials.

Significant efforts have been made throughout the years to make research findings and data more available to the public. In this approach, open science has played an essential part. Its primary role is to defend the National Institutes of Health's injunction mandating the publication of all scientific discoveries without access restrictions. However, publications have reacted to the call by guaranteeing that scientists be compensated prior to the publication of their findings. This obstacle demanded a more revolutionary strategy, resulting in a decentralized scientific revolution. Decentralized Science (DeSci) is the most recent possibly revolutionary Web3 movement that aims to employ technological applications such as blockchain and Web3 to tackle significant scientific research issues. DeSci is a movement that use the Web3 infrastructure to establish a public infrastructure for financing, developing, evaluating, crediting, storing, and sharing scientific information fairly and equitably.

DeSci aspires to build an environment in which scientists are rewarded to publish their research freely and gain credit for their effort, while enabling anybody to readily access and contribute to the research. DeSci is based on the belief that scientific information should be available to anyone and that the scientific research process should be transparent. DeSci is developing a paradigm for scientific research that is decentralized and distributed, making it more resistant to censorship and central authority control. By decentralizing access to finance, scientific equipment, and communication channels, DeSci intends to foster an atmosphere conducive to the growth of novel and unorthodox ideas.

Some of the key advantages of DeSci are:

• Scientists participate in innovative groups comprised of peers from all across the world.

• The choice to fund anything is made openly and publicly. Possible new sources of financing are investigated.

• Using Web3 primitives, coordinating the use of shared laboratory resources is simplified and made more open.

• Using the Web3 primitives for security, openness, and accessibility, new publication models may be created.

• The act of providing constructive feedback on someone else's work might be rewarded with tokens and social capital.

• The IP you create belongs to you, and you may share it with others on whatever conditions you see fit.

• Research data, both successful and failed, are shared by keeping everything in the process on the blockchain.

To help bring Web2 academics into the digital age, DeSci is developing a suite of scientific tools. One of the examples of how Web3 may be put to work in the scientific world is IP ownership and development. Traditional research has several challenges due to intellectual property (IP), such as IP being difficult to value and IP being trapped in academic institutions or not being exploited by biotech companies.

On the other hand, Web3 excels at employing non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to prove ownership of digital goods (such as scientific data or publications). You may set up transparent value attribution chains to reward researchers, governing bodies (like DAOs), or even the subjects whose data is gathered, in the same manner that NFTs can send money for future transactions back to the original author.

Traditional NFTs are distinguished by a number of features, including their scarcity and the difficulty in duplicating or forging them. However, an NFT holder is somewhat constrained by the unique nature of these tokens due to the fact that they cannot be used interchangeably. This has sparked creativity in the NFT field, giving rise to two promising new ideas: dynamic NFTs and fractional NFTs.

When it comes to keeping track of who owns what in the realm of intellectual property (IP), a novel mechanism has emerged in the form of the IP-NFT, which uses blockchain technology. IP-NFT aims to maintain the confidentiality and possibility for IP protection of non-registered IP while facilitating investment, ownership, and transaction on IP in an open and distributed market. In the context of this definition, intellectual property (IP) encompasses not only patents that have been filed or are in the process of being filed, but also pre-patent intellectual goods, data sets, and contracts pertaining to the administration of research projects and their results.

rNFT is programmable, and this makes the IP more discoverable and particularly useful for academic data where there is no efficient way to find it. Programmability also helps to create more modular legal contracts. The details of rNFT will be explained in the third section.

Using rNFT we solve two main problems:

1. Fast access to funding

Certain researches require a huge amount of funding, and it is difficult to get access to such funding from investors with limited funds and time. Also, we will have very few bids on the rNFT if the amount is large. To solve this issue, we have created rNFT as a fractional NFT. Breaking down an NFT into smaller pieces democratize the market, allowing interested parties with limited funds to affordably invest. The biggest benefit for rNFT owners is that they get to own a percentage of a larger, and more expensive, whole research.

2. Fast access to donors

A large amount of data is needed for research, yet it is not easily accessible to scientists. Investing so much time gathering information is a loss. This issue is addressed by rNFT, which allows the donors to donate their data by purchasing a portion of the rNFT. Since it is only a fraction, a large number of people will be able to participate and stake their data, hence boosting the quantity of data readily accessible to scientists.